Phrase Clause Sentence

Phrase

A group of two or more grammatically linked words that do not have subject and predicate is a phrase.Phrase The words in a phrase act together so that the phrase itself functions as a single part of speech. For example, phrases can function as nouns, verbs, adjectives, or adverbs.

Noun Phrase

A noun phrase is built around a single noun, for example:

A vase of roses stood on the table.

She was reading a book about the emancipation of women.

Verbs Phrase

A verb phrase is the verbal part of a clause, for example:

She had been living in London.

I will be going to college next year.

Adjective Phrase

An adverbial phrase is built round an adverb by adding words before and/or after it, for example:

The economy recovered very slowly.

They wanted to leave the country as fast as possible.

Prepositional Phrase

In a prepositional phrase the preposition always comes at the beginning, for example:

I longed to live near the sea.

The dog was hiding under the kitchen table.

Of course, we also use the word phrase to refer to a short group of words that have a particular meaning when they are used together, such as rain cats and dogs, play for time, or a square meal. This type of phrase is often referred to as an idiom.

Clause

A clause is a group of words that contains a verb (and usually other components too). A clause may form part of a sentence or it may be a complete sentence in itself. For example:

Main clause

Every sentence contains at least one main clause. A main clause may form part of a compound sentence or a complex sentence, but it also makes sense on its own, as in this example:

He was eating a bacon lasagna.

She had a long career/ but she is remembered mainly for one early work.

Compound sentences are made up of two or more main clauses linked by a conjunction such as and, but, or so, as in the following examples:

I love sport	and	I’m captain of the local football team.
[main clause]	[conjunction]	[main clause]

She was born in Germany	but	her mother is Paris
[main clause]	[conjunction]	[main clause]

Subordinate clause

A subordinate clause depends on a main clause for its meaning. Together with a main clause, a subordinate clause forms part of a complex sentence. Here are two examples of sentences containing subordinate clauses:

After we had had lunch,	we went back to work.
[subordinate clause]	[main clause]

I first saw her in Paris,	where I lived in the early nineties.
[main clause]	[subordinate clause]

Relative clause

A relative clause is one connected to a main clause by a word such as which, that, whom, whose, when, where, or who

I was wearing the shoes that I bought to wear to Ann’s party.

I saw him in Germany where I lived in the early nineties.

Sentence

A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense, contains a main verb, and begins with a capital letter. Sentences are used: 

to make statements: The market stays open until 10 p.m.

to ask questions or make requests: Can I help you?

to give orders: Come here at once!

to express exclamations: It’s so cold!

A simple sentence contains one independent clause: Mary went to the store

A compound sentence contains two independent clauses that usually are joined in one of two ways:

A comma and coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet)

Example: Mary went to the store, and she bought some bread

A semicolon

Example: Mary went to the store; she bought some bread

A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses

Example: Mary went to the store because she needed bread

A compound-complex sentence contains two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause

Example:  Mary went to the store, and she bought some bread that she needed